Volume 34 (2020)

1

Research Article

Age-stratified Sero-prevalence and Risk factors of Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Implications for Vaccination in Nigeria

Ajayi, E.O.^*, Agbede, O.O., Odeigha, L.O.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a naked, double-stranded DNA virus that is often responsible for benign lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. Certain strains of HPV have also been implicated in the development of epithelial malignancies. In this study, we investigated age prevalence of IgG antibodies to human papillomavirus16 and 18 among patients of age 1-65 years attending Family Medicine ...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5446-5453

2

Research Article

Assessment of Cytological Features of Sputum Samples Obtained From Immunocompromised Patients Coinfected with Some Pulmonary Pathogens in Kano State, Nigeria

Shema, F.B^*, Bello, Z.M, Hamisu, A.Y, Ayuba, G.I.

Patients with advanced stages of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), are vulnerable to secondary opportunistic infections. The aim of the study was to assess the cytological features of sputum samples obtained from patients co-infected with pulmonary pathogens in Kano. Sputum samples were collected from HIV infected patients attending Ami...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5438-5445

3

Research Article

Production of Citric Acid by Local Strains of Aspergillus niger using Pineapple Peels as Substrate

Musa, B^*, Ado, A. S, Sidi, S.Y., Hussaini, I.M., Madika, A., Sulaiman, M.A., Charanchi, A.S.

This study was conducted to screen for citric acid production by local strains of Aspergillus niger isolated from soils of four locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria namely: botanical garden, refuse dumpsite, flower bed and sheep pen sites. Proximate compositions of the pineapple peel were determined using standard procedures described by the Association of Official Analytic...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5428-543

4

Research Article

Impact of Some Pretreatment Clinical Factors on Artemether - Lumefantrine Treatment Failure in Malaria Patients attending some Health Care Centres in Kano State, Nigeria

Aminu, B.M.^*, Mukhtar, M.D.

The efficacy of antimalarial drugs may be influenced by other factors independent of the parasite susceptibility to the drugs. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of some clinical factors on Arthemeter – Lumefantrine (AL) treatment failure in patients with uncomplicated malaria receiving care in selected community pharmaceutical shops and hospitals from Kano Municipal, Gwale, Tarauni and ...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5419-5427

5

Research Article

Occurrence of Integron Genes in Multiple Drug Resistant Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Benin City, Nigeria

Eremwanarue, A. O.^*, Shittu, H. O, Ogefere, H.O., Igiehon, E., Oijagbe, R. E.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with the ability to cause severe surgical wound infections and remains a problem. This microorganism commonly shows resistance to several antibiotics. Integron a mobile genetic elements are playing important functions in the wide spread of P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance. This study is aimed at investigating the occurrence of class 1, 2 an...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5409 - 5418

6

Research Article

Microbial Assessment of Leafy and Salad Vegetables Sold in Five Different Markets in Lagos State, Nigeria

Opere, B. O.^*, Fashola, M. O., Adebiyi K.O., Abiala M. A.

Vegetables are essential protective food for good health and are also potential reservoir of microbial contaminants. Intake of raw vegetables contaminated with detrimental microorganisms may result in food poisoning. Thus this study assessed the microbial loads of leafy and salad vegetables from five different markets in Lagos State. Macerated samples of the vegetables were analyzed for microbi...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5401 - 5408

7

Research Article

A Survey on Tuberculosis and HIV Co-Infection among Presumptive Tuberculosis Patients within Zuru Emirate Council, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Ibrahim, M. A^*, Riko Y. Y, Farida, A. T., Mujahid H., Ezekiel, B., Usman, A., Ahmad, M. A., Isah, M. G., Murtala, S.

Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are among the leading causes of death in Nigeria and Africa with HIV increasing the TB epidemic. This study aimed to determine the Prevalence of HIV among TB patients attending Martha Bamaiyi General Hospital (MBGH) Zuru Kebbi State, Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study that involved 185 presumptive TB patients that attended MBGH Tube...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5380-5389

8

Research Article

Seroprevalence of Rubella Virus Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria

Rabiu, M. Y^*, Mohammed, Y., Akande, A. O, Idris, A. M, Umar, A. A, Ibrahim, A.M, Amadu, M

Rubella is an acute infectious disease caused by rubella virus (RUBV). Rubella virus infection remains one of the major global public health problems, especially in developing countries causing 100 000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) every year. However, data on this subject matter is scarce in the study area. This study was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of rubella virus am...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5375-5380

9

Research Article

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolated from Selected Abattoirs in Northwestern Nigeria

Shiaka G.P^*, Yakubu S.E, Amin Mukhtar M, Whong, C.M.Z, Adeleye A.O, Dashen M.M.

Escherichia coli is one of the major contaminants in the abattoir because of its frequent  association with both living and cattle carcasses. It is used as indicator for both contamination and  prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Samples were collected from water, effluent and swabs of various  surfaces from selected abattoirs in northwestern Nigeria. They were analyzed using microbiological  tec...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5351-5359

10

Research Article

Effect of Chemical Peeling on Microbiological Quality, Functional Characteristics and Yield of Some Fermented Cassava Products

Arisa, N. U.^*, Daramola, B. E.

Cassava roots peeling remains a serious global challenge due to their varying sizes and shapes. This results in over or under-peeling during mechanized and automated operations. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of chemical peeling on physiochemical, microbiological and functional characteristics of some cassava products. Yellow-fleshed cassava (IITA-TMS-IBA070593) was peeled...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5368-5374

11

Research Article

Assessment of the Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus species Isolated from Selected Brands of Yoghurt sold in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Hussaini, I.M.^*, Isah, A.,, Gide, S., Sherif, W., Anas, G.

Probiotics are non-pathogenic and non-toxigenic bacteria that serve as a natural barrier against pathogenic enteric bacteria. Yoghurt and other fermented dairy products are the most common source of probiotics.This study was carried out to assess the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus species isolated from different brands of yoghurt. Nine(9) yoghurt samples consisting of three (3) different ...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5360-5367

12

Research Article

Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Postoperative Wounds of Hysterectomy Patients in Catholic Hospitals at Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

Nwankwo I U^*, Edward K.C, Nwoba, C.N, Nwaka, S.O.

The study identified the bacterial isolates associated with the postoperative wound of women that underwent a hysterectomy and determined their susceptibility pattern to some antibiotics. Sixty (60) specimens of a postoperative wound from patients that underwent hysterectomy were aseptically collected and cultured using standard microbiological procedures. The isolates were identified using Gra...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5343-5350

13

Research Article

Incidence, Virulence Markers and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candida Species among Contraceptive Users in Benue and Niger States, Nigeria

Adogo, L.^*, Aleruchi, C., Nfongeh, J.F.

Candida species are responsible for vulvovaginal candidiasis and resistance to antifungal drugs is a challenge. This study determined the incidence of vaginal candidiasis, antifungal susceptibility pattern and virulence markers of Candida species among contraceptive users. A total of 800 High Vaginal Swabs (HVS) were collected from women using contraceptive devices and inoculated onto Sabouraud...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5333-5342

14

Research Article

Isolation and Growth Trend of Selected Strains of Pseudomonas in Petrochemical Contaminated Soil

Ayogu, C.V^*, Ifeanyi, V. O., Obasi, N. P.

Some toxic chemicals from petroleum products constitute environmental pollutants which are considered threats to ecological system. This study was performed to monitor the survival growth of some selected indigenous Pseudomonas strains isolated from petrochemical contaminated soil. Standard microbiological procedures and 16S rRNA technique were employed during isolation and identification of t...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5313-5324

15

Research Article

Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in North Central Nigeria

Ajide, B.^*, Chuku, A., Lawson, L., Orole, K, Adogo, L.

Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is on the increase in developing countries especially in Nigeria despite the availability of short course therapy that are inexpensive and effective. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of M. tuberculosis in North central Nigeria. A total of 2800 sputum samples from suspected pulmonary TB patients attending secondary health care facili...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5325-5332

16

Research Article

Pathogenicity of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strains: Molecular and Genetic Perspectives: A Review

Tukur, A. M.^*, Dutsinma, U.A, Kawo, A. H.

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogenic bacterium of significant importance that causes most of the hospital and community acquired infections associated with S. aureus. Methicillin resistance in strains of S. aureus is due to possession of the mecA gene or mecC gene found on a mobile genetic element (SCCmec). The virulence of MRSA is multifactorial because of the com...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5303-5312

17

Research Article

Molecular Characterization of Bacteria Associated with a Dumpsite Soil in University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Iyanyi, N. G.^*, Ataga, A. E., Soala, M., Jumbo, J.

This study identified the bacterial species associated with dumpsite soil using both cultural and molecular techniques. Soil samples were obtained from the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Bacteria associated with dumpsite soil were isolated using both Nutrient agar and serial dilution method. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from pure cultures of bacterial isolates using Qui...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5294-5302

18

Research Article

Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Raw Salad Vegetables Sold in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

Bahira B. Y^*, Muhammad U-K, Baki A. S, Gambo S.

The presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh salad vegetables was evaluated in this study.  One hundred and fifty (150) Salad vegetable samples (lettuce, cabbage and spring onion) were aseptically  collected from two different markets (Ramin Kura and Meat and vegetables market) in Sokoto metropolis.  Isolates from the samples were fully characterized by using standard methods. Antimicrobial s...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5287-5293

19

Research Article

In-vitro Antibacterial Effect of Honey against Selected Clinical Isolates from Wound of Patients Attending Dutse General Hospital, Jigawa State – Nigeria

Sani N.M^*, Abdulganiyu F, Mujahid N.S, Ado A, Okoroiwu I.A.G, Uchendu F.N

In an era of multidrug resistant bacteria, evaluation of more natural therapeutic options becomes  necessary. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of honey on some clinical  bacterial isolates from wound of patients attending Dutse General Hospital. Forty (40) wound swab  samples were collected and analyzed out of which 33 demonstrated the growth of organisms. These wer...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5279-5286

20

Research Article

Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Niger Delta Rainforest Soil: A Focus on Saccharum officinarum Rhizoremediation

Ubogu M.^*, Akponah E, Odokuma. L.O

Quite a minute number of plants have been investigated for rhizoremediation of crude oil  contaminated rainforest soils in the Niger Delta in relation to the overwhelmingly large number of plants.  S. officinarum, one of the world’s most propagated grasses was investigated by contaminating soils with  oil at 3480 and 7050 mg/kg respectively and subjecting it to the following treatments: soil + oil...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5239-5257

21

Research Article

Determination of the Growth Rate and Susceptibility Pattern of Fungi Using Agro Waste Formulated Media

Okoye E. L.^*, Uba B. O., Ugwuoke C. J

Management of wastes especially agro wastes has been a major problem experienced in  developed and developing countries. There is a serious need to convert these agro-wastes into useful  forms. This study was undertaken to determine the growth rate and susceptibility pattern of fungi using  agro-waste formulated media. Sweet Potato and Watermelon peel wastes were used to formulate SPDA  and WDA me...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5258-5268

22

Research Article

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen amongst Patients in Selected Hospitals in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Yaki, L. M^*, Idam S. B., Chock, J.J

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been identified as one of the most common infectious  diseases of major health concern globally. The common method for detecting hepatitis B infection is to  detect the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).This research work was undertaken to  determine the seroprevalence and possible risk factors of hepatitis B surface antigen amongst patients in  ...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5269-5278

23

Research Article

Monitoring of Metabolic Compounds from Degradation of Petrochemicals using Indigenous Consortium of Pseudomonas Strains

Ayogu, C.V^*, Ifeanyi, V.O., Obasi, N. P.

This study was performed to examine the potential of indigenous consortium of Pseudomonas  strains by assessing the metabolic compounds from degradation of petrochemical contaminated soil.  Native microorganisms were isolated using standard microbiological procedures and molecular  identification technique. The physiochemical analysis was conducted using standard laboratory procedure  of American ...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5221-5238

24

Research Article

Microbiological Quality of Some Yoghurt Sold in Uwelu-Community, Edo State, Nigeria

Osatohanmwen O^*, Olisaka N. F.

Yoghurt is a dairy product generally consumed around the globe due to its energy content and  health advantages.  An investigation on the microbiological quality of sixteen yoghurt samples from eight  different brands, four registered by NAFDAC and four unregistered were randomly obtained The pH and  microbiological parameters were evaluated using standard methods. The pH readings of the yoghurt  ...

Dec, 2020 pp. 5212-5220

25

Research Article

Prevalence of Rifampicin Resistance among Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients within Lagos and its Environs in South-Western Nigeria

Davies-Bolorunduro O.F.^*, Nduaga S.J., Abiodun A.T, Amuda, B.O., Osuolale, K.A, Atoe K., Cadmus S

Drug resistance (DR) is a major global health concern and currently implicated in fuelling the burden of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Nigeria. Overall, DR poses serious public health threat to TB control programmes particularly in TB endemic countries with limited resources. However, early and rapid detection of rifampicin resistance (RR), a surrogate marker for MDR-TB is impor...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5188-5196

26

Research Article

Molecular Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Rattus norvegicus in Lagos, Nigeria

Osanyinlusi S. A.^*, Salu O. B, James A B, Orenolu R. M, Omilabu, S. A

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis globally which is mainly transmitted through fecal-oral routes. HEV has also been reported in animal hosts like swine, rabbit, mouse, and wild rodents from different parts of the world. Wild rodents trapped within human dwellings around Ikotun, Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria were screened to determin...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5197-5203

27

Research Article

Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaf Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Patients with Otitis Media

Sani, I. M^*, Helen, I. I, Abdulfatai, K., Agyigra, A. I, Abdulrahman, I

Bryphyllum pinnatum is used in traditional medicine in various parts of the world as a remedy against numerous conditions like hypertension, skin disorders, cancer, diabetes, hepatitis, abscesses and ear infections. This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial potentials of the plant leaves against some bacteria isolated from patients with otitis media. Dried leaves of the plant wer...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5172-5179

28

Research Article

Microbial Diversity of Water Hyacinth and Cow Dung Bio-compost used for the Growth of Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Adebajo, S. O.^*, Akintokun, P. O., Ojo, A. E., Akintokun, A. K., Sakariyau, A. O., Britto, I. D.

Water hyacinth is an aquatic weed that is difficult to manage due to its rapid and extensive growth rate. Composting is a promising technique widely used for the management of organic wastes. This study evaluated the application of water hyacinth and cow dung composts as bio-fertiliser on tomato plant. Water hyacinth and cow dung were composted for 20 days in five different proportions of cow d...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5162-5171

29

Research Article

Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending General Hospital Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria

Iliyasu, M.Y.^*, Shuaibu, H.M, Galadima, U.I

Prevention of transmission of HIV from mother to child is a serious public health issues globally.There are approximately 1.4 million HIV positive women who become pregnant and contribute to more than 300,000 neonatal and foetal deaths each year. HIV in pregnancy is of concern because women with HIV/AIDS may transmit the infection to their child during pregnancy, delivery and while breastfeedi...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5180-5187

30

Research Article

Antibiotic Susceptibility and Phenotypic Plasmid Screening Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Abattoir Wastewater in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Hassan, K. S.^*, Bukar, A., Mohammed, B., Ishaq, S. A, Abubakar, A. I., Yakubu, H.

This study highlighted the antibiotic susceptibility and the emergence of multidrug resistance plasmids among Escherichia coli in abattoir wastewater in Bauchi state Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of E. coli was conducted from 150 samples using standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and plasmid curing were done on the strains. Of these samples screened only 18 (12%) E....

Jun, 2020 pp. 5153-5161

31

Research Article

Antimicrobial Activity of Jatropha curcas Extracts on Clinical Isolates from Wound Infection of Patients Attending Jahun General Hospital, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Ali, M.^*, Saleh, A., Sabo, A, Ibrahim, U. B.

The study was aimed at evaluating phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Jatropha curcas extracts against patients with wound infections attending Jahun General Hospital, Jigawa State. The plant materials were sourced, identified and extracted using water and ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out using standard procedure. Escherichia coli,...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5125-5135

32

Research Article

Spatial Pattern of Acute Gastroenteritis and Isolation of Enterobacteria from Domestic Water in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Torimiro, N.^*, Ogunbodede, O. R., Daramola O. B.

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) contributes significantly to the burden of illness from infectious diseases worldwide especially in developing countries. This study aims to determine the spatial pattern of AGE and isolate Enterobacteria from domestic water in Ile-Ife, a peri-urban community. The medical records of AGE cases between 2008-2012 with due ethical approval from a tertiary hospital in Ile...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5136-5144

33

Research Article

Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Unegbu, V.^*, Nkwoemeka, N., Okey-Ndeche, F, Obum-Nnadi,

This present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaf on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was determined using agar well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory conc...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5145-5152

34

Research Article

Occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex among inmates in Kurmawa Prison, Kano, Nigeria

Chado, Y, M.^*, Aminu, A. I.

The occurrence of Tuberculosis (TB) in prisons is a major public health threat in Nigeria, where inadequate TB screening generates poor data of the infection. The study was aimed to determine the occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among inmates in Kurmawa prison, Kano, Nigeria. A cross- sectional study was conducted among 150 inmates and sputum samples were collected and examined using s...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5087-5098

35

Research Article

The Impact of Gut Microbial Diversity in Preterm Infant Infections

Abdulkadir, B.^*, Abubakar, U., Mujahid H., Kaware M. S, Baha’uddeen S. D., Abdulmalik Y., Abdullahi B., Mukhtar G.L., Ibrahim, M. A.

Certain factors bring about microbial preterm infections, including mode of delivery, socio-economic/geographic factors, gut microbial diversity etc. Consequent colonization of the gut by these microorganisms can have malevolent aftermaths. In the same vein, premature infections such as necrotizing entero colitis (NEC) and sepsis are among the crucial infections causing morbidity and mortality...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5099-5109

36

Research Article

Starter Selection from Fermented Cereals for the Production of Weaning Blend

Adeyemo, S.M^*, Abimbola, O. G.

This study focused on the isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented cereals and selection of the same with best technological properties as starter in the production of weaning blend. Yellow maize and sorghum were purchased at Atakunmosa market, Ilesa, Nigeria. The cereals were steeped in water for five days and were processed into Ogi . Lactic acid bacteria were...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5110-5124

37

Research Article

Assessment of the Effect of Paraquat and Glyphosate Herbicides on Soil Microorganisms

Nwadike, B. I.^*, Jibola-Shittu, M. Y.

Herbicides are chemicals used to control weeds’ growth. The improper application of herbicides poses a challenge to agricultural sector as non-target organisms are directly affected and residues are left in soil. This study was aimed at assessing the effect of paraquat and glyphosate on soil microorganisms. Fifteen kilograms of composite soil from an Organic Vegetable Garden was prepared into ...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5060-5069

38

Research Article

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark Extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis and Boswellia serrata against Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Haemorrhoid Lesions

Mohammed, B.^*, Danazumi, U.I.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the major problems encountered in the field of chemotherapy worldwide. Some pathogenic bacteria are becoming resistant to most potent antibiotics used in hospitals and clinics; this necessitate for the search of new and promising antibacterial agents. In view of that, the antibacterial activity of stem bark extracts of D. mespiliformis and B. serra...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5080-5086

39

Research Article

Antifungal Activity of Two Plant Extracts against Fungi Isolated from Poultry Droppings in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Aguguo, K.^*, Umedum, C.U., Nzeagwu, M.O., Opara, N.K., Onyema, C.T, Okorie, C.C., Umejiego, I.B, Korie, M.C., Onwubuche, B.C., Uzoho, I.J.

Several fungi have created havoc in the poultry industry and some of them cause direct harm to human health owing to their zoonotic implications. This research evaluated the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Methanol extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) and Azadirachta indica (Neem leaf) against fungi strains isolated from poultry droppings and comparing them wit...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5070-5079

40

Research Article

In-vitro Inhibitory Activity of Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants against Mycobacterium smegmatis

Ekundayo, E.O^*, Kalu, U. O, Enya, E

The current drugs used for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) have become less effective due to the development of resistance by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the drugs. As such there is a search for new drugs for treatment of TB. Medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for symptoms of TB in endemic countries represent potential sources of new compounds for drug development. This study wa...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5044-5052

41

Research Article

Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Low and Middle – Income Countries: Combined Serological Markers for Efficient Diagnosis

Japhet, M. O.^*, Adesina, O. O, Olateru-Olugbegi, O., Adewumi, M. O.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global problem with Asia and sub-Saharan Africa mostly affected. Unfortunately, residual risk of transfusion associated HBV (TAHBV) is greater in low- and middle-income countries where virus prevalence is higher and implementation of Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) and/or anti-HBc testing remain high-priced due to cost and loss of donors/blood products. There ...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5053-5059

42

Research Article

Study of Microbial Succession during Bioethanol Production from Waste Corn Cob using Indigenous Organisms

Ifeanyi, V.O.^*, Obasi, N. P., Ayogu, C.V

The identity, diversity and dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities involved in the production of bioethanol from corn waste (corn cob) were studied. Corn cob was pretreated and hydrolyzed using concentrated H2SO4 then, neutralized with NaOH to pH6.5. The corn waste was introduced as source of indigenous organisms and fermentation was done for 7days. The fermented broth was distilled and ...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5034-5043

43

Research Article

Influence of pH and Storage Period on the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus in Pasteurized Cow Milk during Low Temperature Storage

Bello, S^*, Whong, C.M.Z, Abdullahi, I.O

Food preservation processes are usually applied with the aim of slowing down or preventing spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in food materials. This involves the application of one or more environmental stresses (or hurdles) in the form of extremes of temperature, pH, and the manipulation of other optimal growth conditions.Environmental stress that may result from the use of hurdles, has howeve...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5025-5033

44

Research Article

Biochemical Changes during the Fermentation of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Fruit Pulp Yoghurt

Zumunta, J.D.^*, Umar, A. F.

This study was conducted to assess biochemical changes during the fermentation of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp Yoghurt. The Baobab fruit pulp Yoghurt was prepared in the Laboratory using the conventional method. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures while a control was produced without the starter cultures. The chemical composition, nutritional ...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5018-5024

45

Research Article

Plasmid Profile of Bacterial Isolates from Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Undergraduate Students of a Tertiary Institution in Benin city, Nigeria

Ehiaghe, J. I^*, Amengialue, O.O, Ehiaghe, F.A, Maduka, N

Personal lifestyle predisposes individuals to asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) whereas uncontrolled spread of antibiotic resistance plasmids among the implicated isolates possibly will hamper effective medical treatment. In this study, a total of fifty (50) urine samples (25 males and 25 females) were obtained from apparently healthy undergraduate students of University of Benin, Benin City, Edo...

Jun, 2020 pp. 5007-5017

46

Research Article

Chemical Composition and Microbiological Quality of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Fruit Fortified Yoghurt

Adelekan, A. O.^*, Saleh, A. A.

The effect of fortification of reconstituted skimmed cow milk with baobab fruit milk on the physicochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of yoghurt was studied. Pasteurized milk was distributed and substituted as follows: 100% cow skimmed milk (control-sample A), 100% baobab milk (sample B), 90% cow milk: 10% baobab milk (sample C), 80% cow milk: 20% baobab milk (sample D) and 70% c...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4998-5006

47

Research Article

Detection of Second Line Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Patients Attending National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Training Center Zaria, Nigeria

Suleman, M^*, Ado, A. S, Aliyu, M.S

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease cause by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it remain one of the major public health problem. This study was to detect resistance to second line anti-tuberculosis among patient attending national tuberculosis and leprosy training centre Zaria, Nigeria using Lowenstein Jensen proportion (phenotypic) methods. A total 6125 patients were recruited, out of whic...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4987-4997

48

Research Article

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Herbal Products Produced and Marketed in Gombe Metropolis, North-East Nigeria

Oladosu, O. P.^*, Mohammad, F., Aboh, M. I, Olatunji, K. T, Izebe, K., Ya’aba, Y, Muhammed, S. B.

Use of herbal medicines for health management in developing countries like Nigeria no doubt remains an integral part of their life style and because of its wide acceptance; Quality of herbal medicines being produced in these communities requires an urgent attention. Twenty herbal preparations manufactured and marketed in Northeastern Nigeria were randomly collected in Gombe metropolis and anal...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4977-4986

49

Research Article

Plasmid Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: A Review

Ezeh, P. A.^*, Olayinka, B. O, Bolaji, R.O.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem which is hindering treatment of bacterial infections. Evaluation of the prevalence of PMQR genes is important in terms of selection of antibiotics for treatment options. The aim of this work is to review prior data on PMQR with a view of evaluating the prevalence of PMQR genes in Enterobacteriaceae and to identify the knowledge gap if any. Thi...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4962-4976

50

Research Article

Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus among Children Presenting with Diarrhea in Selected Hospitals in Kano Metropolis

Babaguba, A. S.^*, Rogo, L. D., Mujtaba, D., Sarki, E., Shehu K. A., Ibrahim, A.

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is a spherical non-enveloped single-strand positive-sense RNA virus of the Hepevirus genus and the family Hepeviridae. Its infection is newly recognized serious threat to global public health and Africa has been reported to be among the most severely affected regions in the world, most likely due to poor sanitation and weak public health facilities. The aim of the study...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4954-4961

51

Research Article

Hepatitis E Virus Infection among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Kano State, Nigeria

Aliyu, A. S.^*, Mohammed, Y., Rogo, L. D.

Hepatitis E is an emerging viral disease causing acute hepatitis worldwide which may result into a chronic hepatitis especially in immunocompromised individuals. The study determined the prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in Kano State. One hundred and eighty (180) subjects were enrolled for the study and their sera were ...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4936-4944

52

Research Article

Occurrence and Antibacterial Response Patterns of Campylobacter jejuni in Beef and Vegetables

Shamsuddeen, U.^*, Haladu, A., Panda, T. W.

Food borne Campylobacteriosis is distributed all over the world. Raw meats become contaminated during processing when intestinal contents come in contact with meat surfaces. The aim of the research is to study the occurrence and antimicrobial response pattern of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from beef and vegetables. Fifty (50) processed and unprocessed food samples (20 beef and 30 vegetables) wer...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4851-4862

53

Research Article

Antibiotics Resistance in Haemolytic Bacterial pathogens from Hospital Wastewaters

Obuekwe, I. S^*, Osariemen. P. O.

Burden of morbidities and mortalities originating from bacterial pathogens and antibiotics resistance is on the rise, and hospital wastewaters are possible reservoirs of these pathogens. Infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance from Hospital Wastewaters could be spread into the environment. This study aimed at isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility characterization of hem...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4945-4953

54

Research Article

Production of Fermented Weaning Food from Digitaria exilis (Acha) using Lactic Acid Bacteria

Hwabejire, H. O.^*, Wakil, S. M., Akpoghelie, P. O.

Several different methods have been used to formulate weaning food through blending of different cereal crops that are locally available. Considering the good prospects of the ready availability of Acha cereals, fermentation of malted Digitaria exilis (Acha) flour using single and combination of lactic acid bacteria to produce weaning food was carried out. One hundred grams of acha grains were ste...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4920-4935

55

Research Article

In vitro Antibacterial activity of the Bark Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus on Some Bacterial Pathogens

Sale, M.^*, Pukuma, M. S., Hamza, F. A.

The use of plant parts and extracts in traditional medicine has proved to be a good lead for the discovery of a potential plant derived antimicrobial agent. To this end we conducted in vitro screening of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus for antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shig...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4911-4919

56

Research Article

Multi-Drug Resistant Efflux Pumps among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

Agbakoba, N. R.^*, Imouokhome, E. I., Ezeanya-Bakpa, C. C

Against the background of high level antimicrobial resistance observed in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) efflux pumps among clinical isolates from University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin city. A total of 198 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from various clinical specimens were used for...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4904-4910

57

Research Article

Assessment of HIV 1 GP120/CD4 Binding Inhibition Potential of Solanum nigrum Crude Fruit Extracts

Mohammed, B.^*, Gali, S., Abba S.A., Jobbi, Y.D.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still contributing significantly in morbidities and mortalities in the world today, more especially in developing countries. The drugs normally use to treat the infection are costly, toxic, and less effective due to resistance by HIV. In view of that an assessment of gp120-CD4 binding inhibition potential of Solanum nigrum crude fruit extracts was co...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4892-4903

58

Research Article

Proximate Composition and Microbiological Analysis of Yaji (Spiced Pepper Mixture) Sold Within Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Ruqayyah, A.U^*, Latifat, A.

Food safety must be given high priority in any society. This study was aimed at assessing the proximate composition and microbiological quality of yaji. A total of nine different yaji were randomly purchased from retail stores within Kano metropolis while three samples were prepared in the laboratory as control. The result of the study revealed that the yaji samples studied had moisture content ra...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4884-4891

59

Research Article

xtended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase production, Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Aisha Shitu Sa'id^*, Mukhkar, M. D, Bukar, A., Yusha’u, M

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen frequently multidrug-resistant, responsible for both health care and community associated infections. The appearance of extended spectrum β- lactamase in addition to the biofilm-forming phenotype, is a major problem in the clinical environment. This study aimed to detect ESBL production, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance profile of cl...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4874-4883

60

Research Article

Incidence of Fluoroquinolone and Multidrug Resistant Salmonella species in Intensively Reared Pigs and Chickens in Nsukka, Nigeria

Ugwuanyi, J. O.^*, Chah, K. F, Ajibo, Q. C.

Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum antimicrobial agents used to treat infections caused by microbial pathogens especially those resistant to other classes of antimicrobial drugs. The introduction of fluoroquinolones into veterinary therapy has been accompanied by an increase in resistance. Salmonella represents a challenge in modern animal production. This study determined the incidence of fl...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4863-4873

61

Research Article

Sensitivity of Moulds Isolated from Air to Antimycotic Drugs, Synthesized Metal Complexes and Jatropha curcas Seed oil

Adetitun, D. O^*, Kolawole O. M, Tella, A. C, Adebayo G. B, Adimula, V.O, Babalola, M. A

Antimold resistance is common due to drug abuse, mutation caused by genetic recombination and others. In a bid to contribute new antimold agents to the pharmaceutical and medical world molds were isolated from selected areas on the campus of the University of Ilorin. Their sensitivity profiles were evaluated against commercial antimold drugs, synthesized metal complexes and the seed oil of Jatroph...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4842-485

62

Research Article

Microbial Assessment and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Air samples around Dumpsites in Igando, Lagos, Nigeria

Fashola, M. O.^*, Grillo, J. A, Obayori, O. S, Opere, B. O., Eguakun, E. A.

This study assessed the level of microbial contamination of air around three municipal dumpsites in Igando and determined the antibiogram of the bacterial isolates. Total aerobic bacteria count (TABC) and total enterobacterial count (TEC) of air around the dumpsites nearby amusement park and gas station were measured using the “sedimentation method. The microbial isolates were identified using phe...

Jun, 2020 pp. 4829-4841